Free and Printable Nursing Entrance exam Practice Sample Questions XII (All Health related Jobs)

Print Practice and Pass Nursing Entrance exam 2013

This is my 12th part of blog on getting nursing and other health related jobs. In this blog you will see some more free nursing questions with answers. This test can be also used for passing other health related exam.

Nursing entrance practice Test Questions 166-175

Q 166

 Which of the following is considered a component of lipids?

A. Plasma cells

B. Fatty acids

C. Nucleic acids

D. Zinc

Q 167

. Down's syndrome affects chromosome ____.

A. 13

B. 15

C. 21

D. 23

Q 168

. Blood enters the lungs from which chamber of the heart?

A. Right atrium

B. Left atrium

C. Right ventricle

D. Left ventricle

Q 169

 Excessive consumption of alcohol is most likely to damage which organ of the body over a long period of time?

A. Kidney

B. Liver

C. Pancreas

D. Gallbladder

Q 170

Which of the following is not considered a type of radiation ray?

A. Gamma

B. Beta

C. Alpha

D. Infrared

Q 171

 A molecule of hemoglobin can hold how many molecules of oxygen in the blood for transport?

A. 2

B. 4

C. 6

D. 8

Q 172

 Which of the following best describes the biomechanics of breathing?

A. Pump handle motion

B. Lever action

C. Inspiration

D. Expiration

 

Q 173

. Animals that eat meat almost exclusively are known as:

A. Herbivores

B. Carnivores

C. Arthropods

D. Prolific organisms

Q 174

. The physical expressions of a gene are known as an organism's:

A. Transcription

B. Genotype

C. Phenotype

D. Translation

Q 175

 A ball is traveling at a constant velocity of 50 m/s and has been traveling for over 2 minutes. What is the ball's acceleration?

A. 0

B. 25 m/s

C. 25 m/s

D. 50 m/s2

 

Answer Key - Nursing entrance practice Test Questions 166-175

166. B

167. C

168. C

169. B

170. D

171. B

172. A

173. B

174. C

175 A

 

New healthy formula to increase baby's weight during pregnancy

This new research will help lot babies who are born anemic.

Moms-to-be who take iron daily during pregnancy can significantly increase their babies' birth weight, a new research has found. Iron deficiency is the most widespread nutritional deficiency in the world. It is the most common cause of anaemia during pregnancy, especially in low and middle income countries, affecting an estimated 32



million pregnant women globally in 2011. Researchers in the UK and US analysed the results of over 90 studies (a mix of randomised trials and cohort studies) of prenatal iron use and prenatal anaemia, involving nearly two million women.  Iron use increased a mother's average haemoglobin levels compared with controls and significantly reduced the risk of anaemia, found the study published in bmj.Com.

The study found no reduction in risk of preterm birth as a result of iron use. However analysis of cohort studies showed a significantly higher risk of low birth weight and preterm birth with anaemia in the first or second trimester of pregnancy.

Common sources of home iron:

 

Red meat, poultry, and fish are all good sources of heme iron. (For easy reference, 3 ounces of meat is about the size of a deck of cards.)

•3 ounces lean beef chuck: 3.2 mg

•3 ounces lean beef tenderloin: 3.0 mg

•3 ounces roast turkey, dark meat: 2.0 mg

•3 ounces roast turkey breast: 1.4 mg

•3 ounces roast chicken, dark meat: 1.1 mg

•3 ounces roast chicken breast: 1.1 mg

•3 ounces halibut: 0.9 mg

•3 ounces pork loin: 0.8 mg

 

Common sources of non-home iron:

•1 cup iron-fortified ready-to-eat cereal: 24 mg

•1 cup fortified instant oatmeal: 10 mg

•1 cup edamame (boiled soybeans): 8.8 mg

•1 cup cooked lentils: 6.6 mg

•1 cup cooked kidney beans: 5.2 mg

•1 cup chickpeas: 4.8 mg

•1 cup lima beans: 4.5 mg

•1 ounce roasted pumpkin seeds: 4.2 mg

•1 cup cooked black or pinto beans: 3.6 mg

•1 tablespoon blackstrap molasses: 3.5 mg

•1/2 cup raw firm tofu: 3.4 mg

•1/2 cup boiled spinach: 3.2 mg

•1 cup prune juice: 3.0 mg

•1 slice whole wheat or enriched white bread: 0.9 mg

•1/4 cup raisins: 0.75 mg

How much iron you need

Pregnant women: 27 milligrams (mg) of iron per day

Non-pregnant women: 18 mg

You don't have to get the recommended amount of iron every day. Instead, aim for that amount as an average over the course of a few days or a week.

New research- Daily Iron in Pregnancy Reduces Risk of Small Baby

Pregnant women who take iron supplements every day have a lower risk of giving birth to a low-weight baby, according to a new study published in the BMJ (British Medical Journal).

The researchers wanted to find out the effects of prenatal iron use and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. As one of the main causes of anemia during pregnancy, low iron is a very common nutritional deficiency worldwide. An estimated 32 million pregnant women globally are affected by the condition. Young women, pregnant women and children are at the most risk of iron deficiency. The World Health Organization recommends pregnant women should take 60 mg of iron daily. In this study, the researchers looked at the effects of iron supplements at doses up to 66mg a day.

Prenatal anemia increases the risk of premature birth. However, very few studies have looked at what effect iron levels during pregnancy might have on birth outcomes. British and American researchers looked at over 90 different studies of prenatal iron use and prenatal anemia involving more than two million women. They found that iron intake (supplements) significantly lowered the risk of developing anemia, and increased the mother's hemoglobin levels. Iron levels were not found to reduce the risk of preterm birth. However, the studies showed that anemia during the first or second trimesters raised the risk giving birth to a low-weight baby.

The investigators found that for every 10 mg increase in daily iron intake:

the risk of anemia went down by 12%

the risk of giving birth to a low-weight baby was reduced by 3%

The authors said, Our findings suggest that use of iron in women during pregnancy may be used as a preventive strategy to improve maternal haematological status and birth weight, rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness of existing antenatal care programmes in high burden countries to identify gaps in policy and programme implementation."They concluded that "prenatal anaemia and iron deficiency have been identified as one of the preventable risk factors for diseasewith a substantial disease burden." Future research should try to find"feasible strategies of iron delivery" and "evaluation of the effectiveness of other strategies, such as fortification and dietary diversification.

This video below shows a number of methods that help detect iron deficiency more effectively

A new way you can Turn Bad Fat into Good Fat (Burn more White fat)

Turn Bad Fat into Good Fat

This is good research for everyone as we all want to burn white or bad fat in our body.

You can find more info about bad and good fat in my previous article:

Revolutionary-research-how-good and Bad Fat

Researchers have found that exercise helps "bad" fat transform into a form of "good" fat that is more metabolically active. The findings were presented at the American Diabetes Association's 73rd Scientific Sessions.

Humans have two types of fat:

Brown fat (the good fat) - this type of fat burns through calories to generate body heat.

White fat (the bad fat) - this fat develops as a result of storing excess calories; it is just an energy reserve.

 

People with more brown fat are generally slimmer and better able to stay warm when it is cold, whereas individuals who have high levels of white fat tend to live more sedentary lifestyles. In this study, the researchers found that mice and men who underwent an intense exercise regime experienced a browning of their subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SCWAT). The exercise regime had the men training on an exercise bicycle for 12 weeks and the mice running on an exercise wheel for 11 days. "There is more brown fat in leaner children compared to overweight or obese kids “Compared to the original white fat caused by sedentary behavior, the new, browner fat, was much more metabolically active.

The researchers transplanted this trained browner fat into sedentary fat mice to see how the browner fat might affect the way their bodies use glucose. They found that after the transplant the mice had increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity for at least 3 months. Kristin Stanford, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston, said, "Our results showed that exercise doesn't just have beneficial effects on muscle, it also affects fat. It's clear that when fat gets trained, it becomes browner and more metabolically active. We think there are factors being released into the bloodstream from the healthier fat that are working on other tissues."

It is still uncertain whether browner fat is having the same impact on humans as there is currently no way to try out fat transplantation on human beings. Senior investigator of one of the studies, Laurie Goodyear, PhD, and associate professor at Harvard Medical School, said:, “We know that exercise is good for us. But what we're showing here is that fat changes dramatically in response to exercise training and is having good metabolic effects. This is not the fat that's around your middle, which is bad fat and can lead to




diabetes and other insulin resistant conditions. It's the fat that's under the skin, the subcutaneous fat that adapts in a way that appears to be having important metabolic effects. “In conclusion the study reveals that browner fat is associated with a better body composition, lower fat mass and increased glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in mice. Stanford says the findings provide even more motivation to go out and start exercising. Even if you don't lost weight, the study suggests that exercising will still train your fat to be more metabolically active and improve overall metabolism and health. Dr. Jim Lyons, author of The Brown Fat Revolution, explains why brown fat is healthy.

 

(Source-American Diabetes Association)

How new device will help Predicting seizure (improve safety and increase independence)

This new research device shows very promising result in predicting seizure.

Why this study?

Seizure prediction would be clinically useful in patients with epilepsy and could improve safety, increase independence, and allow acute treatment. We did a multicenter clinical feasibility study to assess the safety and efficacy of a long-term implanted seizure advisory system designed to predict seizure likelihood and quantify seizures in adults with drug-resistant focal seizures.

Group of Australian investigators presented results from a pilot trial of a long-term implanted device designed to predict and count seizures in adults who have drug-resistant epilepsy.In the May 2, 2013 issue of the journal Lancet Neurology, Doctors Cook and a group of Australian investigators presented results from a pilot trial of a long-term implanted device designed to predict and count seizures in adults who have drug-resistant epilepsy.

How they did?

They enrolled patients at three centers in Melbourne, Australia, between March 24, 2010, and June 21, 2011. Eligible patients had between two and 12 disabling partial-onset seizures per month, a lateralized epileptogenic zone, and no history of psychogenic seizures. After devices were surgically implanted, patients entered a data collection phase, during which an algorithm for identification of periods of high, moderate, and low seizure likelihood was established. If the algorithm met performance criteria (ie,

sensitivity of high-likelihood warnings greater than 65% and performance better than expected through chance prediction of randomly occurring events), patients then entered an advisory phase and received information about seizure likelihood. The primary endpoint was the number of device-related adverse events at 4 months after implantation. Our secondary endpoints were algorithm performance at the end of the data collection phase, clinical effectiveness (measures of anxiety, depression, seizure severity, and quality of life) 4 months after initiation of the advisory phase, and longer-term adverse events. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01043406.

What were results?

They implanted 15 patients with the advisory system. 11 device-related adverse events were noted within four months of implantation, two of which were serious (device migration, seroma); an additional two serious adverse events occurred during the first year after implantation (device-related infection, device site reaction), but were resolved

without further complication. The device met enabling criteria in 11 patients upon completion of the data collection phase, with high likelihood performance estimate sensitivities ranging from 65% to 100%. Three patients' algorithms did not meet performance criteria and one patient required device removal because of an adverse event before sufficient training data were acquired. We detected no significant changes in clinical effectiveness measures between baseline and 4 months after implantation.

Summary of result

Of 15 patients implanted with the device, the system correctly predicted seizures

■with a high warning 65% of the time, and better than 50% in 11 of the 15 patients.

■Eight of the 11 patients had their seizures accurately predicted between 56% and 100% of the time.

■Three patients did not meet performance criteria; one required device removal because of a side effect before sufficient training data was acquired.

■There were 11 device-related side effects noted within four months of implantation, two of which were serious, (migration of the device and/or seroma). Two other serious events occurred the first year after implantation (infection or device site reaction), but were resolved without further complication.

The investigators concluded that intracranial EEG monitoring is feasible in patients who are outside the hospital with drug-resistant epilepsy. This may serve as the pilot to further assess whether seizure prediction becomes a reality.

Analysis

This study showed that intracranial electroencephalographic monitoring is feasible in ambulatory patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. If these findings are replicated in larger, longer studies, accurate definition of preictal electrical activity might improve understanding of seizure generation and eventually lead to new management strategies.

(Source-Journal Lancet Neurology)